A 3-way solenoid valve incorporates three ports—an orifice, a cavity, and a stop port—for directional flow control. The "3-way" (or "3-port") designation highlights the valve's capability for directing flow paths, making it essential for switching flow directions. Three operative types of 3-way valves exist: normally-closed (NC), normally-open (NO), and universal. Normally-closed valves block the path between intake and outlet ports until electro-energized, while normally-open valves facilitate fluid flow from intake to outlet, obstructing the exhaust port when de-energized. Universal valves, adaptable to NC or NO configurations, offer versatility for flow diversion or selection.